Racial differences refer to variations in characteristics, behaviors, and outcomes between different racial or ethnic groups. This area of research examines how factors such as genetics, environment, culture, and socioeconomic status contribute to disparities in health, education, income, criminal justice, and other areas among different racial groups. Researchers also investigate the impact of racism and discrimination on these differences and explore strategies to address and reduce racial disparities. This research is important for understanding and addressing issues of social justice and equality.